The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) provides clinicians with a robust, multidimensional framework for understanding what is burnout and evaluating…
Questions
23
Duration
10 min
Original title
Burnout Assessment Tool – Work-Related Version (BAT-23 + BAT-S)
Adaptation
Burnout Assessment Tool – Work-Related Version
Authors
Schaufeli, W.B., De Witte, H. & Desart, S.
Created
2020
The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) provides clinicians with a robust, multidimensional framework for understanding what is burnout and evaluating work-related exhaustion. Unlike older measures that focus primarily on fatigue, the BAT captures the full clinical picture by assessing four core symptoms—exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment—alongside secondary psychological and psychosomatic distress. Designed for working adults experiencing significant occupational stress, it offers a granular view of how a patient's capacity to function is deteriorating.
Using the BAT in clinical practice allows providers to move beyond vague descriptions of fatigue and explicitly discuss the impact of psychosocial risks at work. By establishing a validated baseline, clinicians can precisely identify which dimensions are most active and tailor their interventions accordingly. The instrument's sensitivity to change also makes it an excellent tool for monitoring therapeutic progress and evaluating a patient's readiness to return to work.
Example result
Fictitious result, computed from a sample set of answers.
The standard (work) version of the BAT, known as the BAT-23, is a self-report questionnaire intended for currently employed individuals. It assesses burnout across four core symptoms — exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment (23 items of the BAT-C). It does not establish a diagnosis, but enables the identification and monitoring of burnout-related complaints.
Burnout profile (work version)
Core burnout symptoms (BAT-23)
Core symptoms (total score)
15
2.87 · Orange zone
Composite score of core job burnout symptoms (exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment).
généralemixed · general population · Flemish working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Belgium · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
2.87
M = 2.08 ± 0.64
généralemixed · general population · Dutch working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Netherlands · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
2.87
M = 2.21 ± 0.82
cliniquemixed · pathology: BURNOUT · Flemish employees with diagnosed severe burnout · Belgium · n = 158 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
2.87
M = 3.37 ± 0.53
Exhaustion
15
2.625 · Green zone
A severe and serious loss of energy, both physical and mental. Manual ROC clinical cut-offs (Flemish samples) — “no burnout diagnosis can be made based solely on the BAT”.
généralemixed · general population · Flemish working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Belgium · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
2.625
M = 2.27 ± 0.77
généralemixed · general population · Dutch working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Netherlands · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
2.625
M = 2.39 ± 0.88
cliniquemixed · pathology: BURNOUT · Flemish employees with diagnosed severe burnout · Belgium · n = 158 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
2.625
M = 3.79 ± 0.58
Mental distance
15
3 · Orange zone
Mental withdrawal and psychological detachment from the job.
généralemixed · general population · Flemish working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Belgium · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 1.98 ± 0.84
généralemixed · general population · Dutch working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Netherlands · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 2.18 ± 0.96
cliniquemixed · pathology: BURNOUT · Flemish employees with diagnosed severe burnout · Belgium · n = 158 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 3.07 ± 0.85
Emotional impairment
15
3 · Red zone
Reduced functional capacity to adequately regulate one's emotional processes.
généralemixed · general population · Flemish working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Belgium · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 1.82 ± 0.71
généralemixed · general population · Dutch working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Netherlands · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 2.03 ± 0.94
cliniquemixed · pathology: BURNOUT · Flemish employees with diagnosed severe burnout · Belgium · n = 158 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 3.01 ± 0.82
Cognitive impairment
15
3 · Orange zone
Reduced functional capacity to adequately regulate one's cognitive processes.
généralemixed · general population · Flemish working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Belgium · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 2.13 ± 0.69
généralemixed · general population · Dutch working population (iVox representative sample, 2017) · Netherlands · n = 1500 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 2.15 ± 0.88
cliniquemixed · pathology: BURNOUT · Flemish employees with diagnosed severe burnout · Belgium · n = 158 · 2020 · Schaufeli et al. (2020)
15
3
M = 3.35 ± 0.69
Secondary distress complaints
The BAT does not yield a single overall score: core symptoms (exhaustion, mental distance, emotional and cognitive impairments) and secondary complaints are interpreted separately. Clinical cut-offs established in Flanders only. No diagnosis based solely on the questionnaire.
The BAT evaluates the severity of burnout through a primary core scale and a supplementary secondary symptoms scale. The core scale assesses four central facets of the syndrome:
Exhaustion: Severe loss of physical and mental energy, feeling drained, and lacking the resources to initiate the workday.
Mental distance: Cynicism, profound disengagement, and a loss of enthusiasm or meaning regarding work tasks.
Cognitive impairment: Difficulties with focus, memory, and clear thinking that disrupt professional performance.
Emotional impairment: Reduced emotion regulation skills at work, leading to uncharacteristic irritability or sudden tearfulness.
The secondary scale captures additional physical and psychological complaints often linked to an overactive autonomic nervous system. It is designed for adults currently in employment or recently on sick leave due to occupational stress.
When and why to use it
Clinicians typically integrate the BAT when a patient presents with significant workplace distress or unexplained somatic symptoms linked to professional life.
Intake assessment: to systematically map the patient's symptomatic profile across cognitive, emotional, and physical domains.
Formulation: to identify the primary sources of workplace stress and how they manifest in daily functioning.
Monitoring change: to track improvements objectively throughout therapy and adjust adaptive vs maladaptive coping mechanisms as needed.
Return-to-work evaluation: to assess whether the patient has regained sufficient resources to reintegrate into their professional environment safely.
A validated score offers a structured baseline that anchors clinical judgment and helps patients validate their lived experience better than subjective clinical impression alone.
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The following statements are related to your work situation and how you experience this situation. Please state how often each statement applies to you.
1. At work, I feel mentally exhausted.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
2. Everything I do at work takes a lot of effort.
Assesses the perceived energetic cost of standard occupational tasks.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
3. After a day at work, I find it hard to regain my energy.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
4. At work, I feel physically exhausted.
Measures the somatic sensation of profound bodily tiredness in the professional setting.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
5. When I get up in the morning, I lack the energy to start a new workday.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
6. I want to be active at work, but I can't manage to do it.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
7. When I put in a lot of effort at work, I get more tired than usual.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
8. At the end of my workday, I feel mentally drained and exhausted.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
9. I have a hard time feeling enthusiastic about my work.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
10. At work, I don't think about what I'm doing and just go on autopilot.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
11. I feel a deep aversion to my work.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
12. I feel indifferent about my work.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
13. I don't think others consider my work important.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
14. I have trouble paying attention at work.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
15. At work, I find it difficult to think clearly.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
16. I forget things and get distracted at work.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
17. When I'm working, I have a hard time concentrating.
Captures broader difficulties with mental absorption and task-oriented focus.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
18. I make mistakes in my work because my mind is elsewhere.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
19. At work, I feel unable to control my emotions.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
20. I don't recognize myself in my emotional reactions at work.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
21. When I'm at work, I get irritable when things don't go the way I want.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
22. Sometimes I get angry or sad at work without really knowing why.
Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
23. At work, I sometimes overreact without meaning to.
Assesses a lowered threshold for frustration and reactive anger toward workplace obstacles.